دانشگاه اصفهان پژوهش های راهبردی مسائل اجتماعی 3041-8623 5 1 2016 03 20 Multilevel Analysis of Violence: Study Survey of Male and Female College Students of Saqqez تحلیل چندسطحی خشونت‌ورزی: مطالعۀ پیمایشی خشونت‌ورزی دانش‌آموزان دبیرستان‌های شهر سقز 61 80 20950 10.22108/ssoss.2016.20950 FA امید قادرزاده دانشیار، گروه جامعه‌شناسی دانشگاه کردستان، ایران بهروز قادری کارشناس ارشد جامعه‌شناسی دانشگاه کردستان، ایران Journal Article 2016 11 26 <strong>Introduction </strong> <br />    Despite the universality of the problem of violence among adolescents, intensity, type and frequency is different in different countries. world report on violence and health demonstrated the extent that the growing violence among adolescents and youth, especially in developing countries (2000: 25). Statistics and anecdotal evidence suggests that inschools,violence is increasingly spreading teenagers, as for as youth for self defense, instruments such as knives,machetes and carry(Nick Akhtar,1999; sakhavat,2000; LatifAbadi, 2001;Zareie, 2004; Lavasani et al., 2008; elmi et al,2008; Divband et al, 2011; Noah et al,2012; golchin and Heidari, 2012). <br />    This is contrasts with the  role and function of school as a learning environment safe. Violence at school compared with other areas of particular sensitivity; if the opportunity to go to school violence, tomorrow we have made society more violent than today's.because of this, the question of violence, typology, describe and analyze the roots, and providing integrated scientific strategies for seeking remedy and prevent it in order to remove barriers to social and economic development necessary appears. <br />    This study deals students violence in the context of ecological model^,sFoshee, Rockville and Jordan of ecological approach.It can be said based on this model that at the individual level, the factors leading to violence, including biological aspects of psychological and behavioral characteristics is. These factors appear in childhood or adolescence and fall ander the influence of close relationship with the family, friends and peers. <br />    In addition to individual factors, the violence is effective by communicational factors too; interpersonal adolescents with family (lack of parental supervision and corporal punishment) and  at the same time with peers and friends on predatory acts of violence. In this meantime can not be neglected the influence of social contexts(communities, such as local community, school and neighborhood environments). Fourth level, refers to a broad community factors that will help to create the conditions and environment that promotes violence or deterrence. Variables of macro level, affect on the otherlevels. <br />  <br /><strong>Matherial& Methods</strong> <br /><strong> </strong> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br />The method used in this research is quantitative.Among the various methods that can be used for the quantitative researches,we will benefit from the survey method. A questionnaire was used for data collection and the data obtainedthe style of self-reportedsurveys. To collect data on independent variables from the questionnaire and the dependent variable of violencefrom the scale conflict (CTS) was used.The data was analyzed using quantitative techniques. The sample consisted of second and third grade students are high school boys and girls in the 92-93 academic year in one of the high schools in the city of saqqez have been studying turpentine. To select a sample of stratified sampling method was used. To increase reliability, the validity of the questions taking advantage of the views and advice of professors and doctoral students was investigated. Moreover, as far as possible attempt that in formulation the questions or items of the main scales be used of similar questions that was used  in internal and external comprehensive questionnaire. <br /> <br /><strong> </strong> <br /> <br /><strong>Discussion of Results and Conclusions</strong> <br /> <br />  <br />   Based on the findings,the average student violence, was equivalento 39 percent, that based on a scaleof zero to 100 lown evaluated. In the midst of violence,verbal violence is the dominant type and severe physical violence has been at the lowest level. Multivariate regression analysis is shows that violence is associated with variables victims of violence, observer of violence, injustice at school, the ability to peaceful resolution of conflicts, crime rate in the neighborhood, parental supervision, adherence to ethical rules, punishment in school, social control. In total, 40 percent of the variance of verbal violence and more than 70 percent of the variance of dimensions of violence, is explained by these variables. <br />  پدیده خشونت و روند افزایشی آن در میان دانش‌آموزان یکی از مسائلی است که امروزه سبب نگرانی خانواده‌ها و متولیان امر تعلیم و تربیت شده است. عوامل مختلف در سطوح فردی، رابطه‌ای (خانواده و دوستان)، اجتماع محور و جامعه‌ای در تکوین و تداوم خشونت‌ورزی مؤثر است. در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر این عوامل بر خشونت‌ورزی دانش‌آموزان، از مدل‌های اکولوژیکی استفاده شده است. این تحقیق از نوع پیمایشی است که در طی آن با 400 نفر از دانش‌آموزان دبیرستان‌های دخترانه و پسرانه شهر سقز مصاحبه شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که میانگین خشونت‌ورزی دانش‌آموزان معادل 39 درصد بود که بر مبنای یک مقیاس از صفر تا 100 پایین ارزیابی می‌شود. در میان ابعاد خشونت، نوع غالب خشونت کلامی بوده و خشونت فیزیکی شدید در پایین‌ترین سطح قرار داشته است. تحلیل رگرسیونی چند متغیره نشان می‌دهد که خشونت‌ورزی با متغیرهای قربانی خشونت شدن، شاهد خشونت بودن، بی‌عدالتی در مدرسه، توانایی حل مسالمت‌آمیز تضادها، میزان جرم در محله، نظارت والدین، پایبندی به دستورات اخلاقی، تنبیه در مدرسه، کنترل اجتماعی مرتبط است. متغیرهای مذکور در مجموع 40 درصد تغییرات خشونت‌ورزی در بُعد کلامی و بیش از 70 درصد از تغییرات خشونت‌ورزی دانش‌آموزان را در ابعاد فیزکی ملایم و شدید تبیین می‌کنند. در بخش پایانی مطالعه، دلالت‌های یافته‌ها و نتایج تحقیق در زمینۀ سیاست‌گذاری اجتماعی و فرهنگی مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. https://ssoss.ui.ac.ir/article_20950_0519e13f9f8aa243592eb177d7ba5a26.pdf