University of Isfahan Strategic Research on Social Problems 3041-8623 5 3 2016 10 22 Study Citizens Trust to the police by Emphasis on View of Procedural Justice and Police Performance Study Citizens Trust to the police by Emphasis on View of Procedural Justice and Police Performance 1 20 20958 10.22108/ssoss.2016.20958 FA Mohammad Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Tabriz University, Iran Fatemeh Golabi Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Tabriz University, Iran Egbal Mafakheri Master of Science in Social Sciences, Tabriz University, Iran Journal Article 2016 11 26 Introduction The police representative government power; a police’s institution, to achieve its objectives and carry out their duties (maintenance of public order and public security, success in reducing crime and Providing security and order in society and ...) have legitimate power, but only because of coercion and power cannot achieve its goals, the excessive use of authority by the police, not only lead to failure or defect in the exercise of their functions, but in the eyes of people seemed police harsh, as a result, this has caused the chasm between citizens and police, and leading to reduce public trust and confidence to the police. In this regard, the police in order to establish community safety and crime prevention requires the participation of citizens, but this is an important time realized that the people trusted the police and to be recognized as legitimate. If the police identified the trustworthy by citizens, reduced need for official control. In this situation, the citizens' sense of responsibility to society and will cooperate with the police in ensuring public order. Due to the importance of this issue, the present study investigates of Qorveh citizens' trust to the police this town and to compare the importance of a process-based model (procedural justice) and the instrumental model (performance police) to explain citizens' trust to the police investigated. Briefly, from the perspective of the instrumental model, citizens' trust in the police and cooperation with them, result of the effectiveness of the police is in controlling crime and maintaining order and security in society. From the perspective of process-based model, administration of procedural justice by the police in dealing with citizens is a key factor in obtaining the trust of citizens. Finally, with regard to theoretical and empirical literature research the following hypothesis is deduced: Hypotheses: - Between administration of procedural justice by the police and the citizens' trust to them there is a significant relationship. - Between of police performance from the perspective of citizens and their trust to police there is a significant relationship. Material& Methods Methodologically, this paper is extensive study and in terms of time is sectional one. Also, type of this research is an applied one and method of study is Survey. To collect data of questionnaire was used. The sample consisted of 390 residents aged 18 and older living in Qorveh town which were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In this study, trust in the police inspired division of Tyler with two dimensions of institutional trust and motive-based trust is studied. Institutional trust is tested with 9 items, the items of the questionnaire survey Tyler (2005) and Tyler and Fagan (2008) have adapted. Motive-based trust is tested with 3 items, to measure police performance used of 14 items and Procedural justice has been tested with 17 items, the items of the questionnaire survey Tyler (2005) have been derived. To assess the reliability of questionnaire is used of face validity. In this regard from the valuable feedback Social Sciences Tabriz University professors have been used. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability. To analyze the data collected from 19 spss software is used. In univariate analysis, to summarize data and describes the characteristics of the sample and answers according to the levels of the variables measured were used of the frequency distribution tables and descriptive statistics. In bivariate analysis according to the levels of the variables measured used of Statistical tests T, F, and r Pearson. In multivariate analysis to explain the dependent variable (trust to the police) was used of multiple regressions. Discussion and Conclusion The results indicated that quantity of respondents trust to police ( of 1-6 ) to be equal 4/08, which representing average trust level to the top of respondents to police, the average performance of police (6-1) equal (3 / 99) which is indicative of the level of respondents' satisfaction with police performance has been average. Also average of procedural justice (4/11) is the which means the observance of procedural justice by Qorveh town police’s in law enforcement when dealing and communicating with citizens in term of respondents’ assessment is moderate to high. The results of Bivariate analysis indicated that there is not a signification difference in the average trust to the police by sex, marital status, income, religion and ethnic of the respondents, but there is signification different in average trust to the police, according to level of education respondents. As well as the results of regression analysis indicated quality of making decision (neutral, fair and based on legality of the decisions of the police), of dimensions of preeminent police procedural justice and effectiveness police at dimensions of preeminent performance (efficiency and effectiveness of the police in the fight again scrim and maintaining and order and security in society) had greatest impact on quantity of confidence respondents to the police. Generally, the results indicate that police procedural justice more effective than the police performance at citizens trust to the police that these results support the view was Tyler, Tyler seems to adopt the fair procedurals by the police leading to obedience and respect the citizens 'will be to the police, and will increase the legitimacy of the police, so will attract citizens' trust in the police. In fact, in his view, the key the formation of trust and confidence to the police and thus gain their cooperation, fair and impartial decisions being taken by the police and as well as respectful and courteous behavior by the police with citizens. This result is consistent with the finding of Tyler (2005), Schaap (2012), Hinds and Murphy (2007), Reisig and Lloyd (2009), so that the results of their research indicate that procedural justice have been an important variable affecting on citizens trust to the police. Introduction The police representative government power; a police’s institution, to achieve its objectives and carry out their duties (maintenance of public order and public security, success in reducing crime and Providing security and order in society and ...) have legitimate power, but only because of coercion and power cannot achieve its goals, the excessive use of authority by the police, not only lead to failure or defect in the exercise of their functions, but in the eyes of people seemed police harsh, as a result, this has caused the chasm between citizens and police, and leading to reduce public trust and confidence to the police. In this regard, the police in order to establish community safety and crime prevention requires the participation of citizens, but this is an important time realized that the people trusted the police and to be recognized as legitimate. If the police identified the trustworthy by citizens, reduced need for official control. In this situation, the citizens' sense of responsibility to society and will cooperate with the police in ensuring public order. Due to the importance of this issue, the present study investigates of Qorveh citizens' trust to the police this town and to compare the importance of a process-based model (procedural justice) and the instrumental model (performance police) to explain citizens' trust to the police investigated. Briefly, from the perspective of the instrumental model, citizens' trust in the police and cooperation with them, result of the effectiveness of the police is in controlling crime and maintaining order and security in society. From the perspective of process-based model, administration of procedural justice by the police in dealing with citizens is a key factor in obtaining the trust of citizens. Finally, with regard to theoretical and empirical literature research the following hypothesis is deduced: Hypotheses: - Between administration of procedural justice by the police and the citizens' trust to them there is a significant relationship. - Between of police performance from the perspective of citizens and their trust to police there is a significant relationship. Material& Methods Methodologically, this paper is extensive study and in terms of time is sectional one. Also, type of this research is an applied one and method of study is Survey. To collect data of questionnaire was used. The sample consisted of 390 residents aged 18 and older living in Qorveh town which were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In this study, trust in the police inspired division of Tyler with two dimensions of institutional trust and motive-based trust is studied. Institutional trust is tested with 9 items, the items of the questionnaire survey Tyler (2005) and Tyler and Fagan (2008) have adapted. Motive-based trust is tested with 3 items, to measure police performance used of 14 items and Procedural justice has been tested with 17 items, the items of the questionnaire survey Tyler (2005) have been derived. To assess the reliability of questionnaire is used of face validity. In this regard from the valuable feedback Social Sciences Tabriz University professors have been used. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability. To analyze the data collected from 19 spss software is used. In univariate analysis, to summarize data and describes the characteristics of the sample and answers according to the levels of the variables measured were used of the frequency distribution tables and descriptive statistics. In bivariate analysis according to the levels of the variables measured used of Statistical tests T, F, and r Pearson. In multivariate analysis to explain the dependent variable (trust to the police) was used of multiple regressions. Discussion and Conclusion The results indicated that quantity of respondents trust to police ( of 1-6 ) to be equal 4/08, which representing average trust level to the top of respondents to police, the average performance of police (6-1) equal (3 / 99) which is indicative of the level of respondents' satisfaction with police performance has been average. Also average of procedural justice (4/11) is the which means the observance of procedural justice by Qorveh town police’s in law enforcement when dealing and communicating with citizens in term of respondents’ assessment is moderate to high. The results of Bivariate analysis indicated that there is not a signification difference in the average trust to the police by sex, marital status, income, religion and ethnic of the respondents, but there is signification different in average trust to the police, according to level of education respondents. As well as the results of regression analysis indicated quality of making decision (neutral, fair and based on legality of the decisions of the police), of dimensions of preeminent police procedural justice and effectiveness police at dimensions of preeminent performance (efficiency and effectiveness of the police in the fight again scrim and maintaining and order and security in society) had greatest impact on quantity of confidence respondents to the police. Generally, the results indicate that police procedural justice more effective than the police performance at citizens trust to the police that these results support the view was Tyler, Tyler seems to adopt the fair procedurals by the police leading to obedience and respect the citizens 'will be to the police, and will increase the legitimacy of the police, so will attract citizens' trust in the police. In fact, in his view, the key the formation of trust and confidence to the police and thus gain their cooperation, fair and impartial decisions being taken by the police and as well as respectful and courteous behavior by the police with citizens. This result is consistent with the finding of Tyler (2005), Schaap (2012), Hinds and Murphy (2007), Reisig and Lloyd (2009), so that the results of their research indicate that procedural justice have been an important variable affecting on citizens trust to the police.

https://ssoss.ui.ac.ir/article_20958_8173fdc179db13db40905057098e18c7.pdf

University of Isfahan Strategic Research on Social Problems 3041-8623 5 3 2016 10 22 Analyzing the effect level satisfcation of quality of life on social security (Case study:rural-urban Aslandouz) Analyzing the effect level satisfcation of quality of life on social security (Case study:rural-urban Aslandouz) 21 34 20959 10.22108/ssoss.2016.20959 FA Jamal Mohamadi Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Isfahan, Iran Jaber Alizadeh Ph.D. Student of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Isfahan, Iran Hاamzeh Rahimi Ph.D. Student of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Isfahan, Iran Ali Afshripor Ph.D. Student of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2016 11 26 Introduction Nowadays, a common goal in local, national and international arena is development of quality of life. Also, future of human’s life is dependent on better conceptualization of factors that influence human’s quality of life. Scholars and researchers have been constantly looking for influential factors of quality of life. In this sense, concept of ‘security’ has been one of the most important, complex and newest concepts in todays’ world and in many political, social and economic fields. Security is considered as a fundamental need and as a necessity of individuals and societies, without which dangerous and overwhelming consequences can emerge. Position of rural, urban and village-city residential areas in comparison with other residential areas, generally, and in comparison with Aslanduz village-city, particularly, can change residents’ expectations and attitudes of indexes of quality of life and social security. Therefore, in the present study firstly concept of quality of life, different definitions of it and components related to ‘feeling socially secure’ have been proposed. In the next section, the relationship between quality of life and components of social security was investigated in a case study through studying Aslanduz village-city as a marginalized residential complex. In what followed, the relationship and correlation of life quality and social security was compared based on main components of each. Material & Methods The present study is a practical study which makes use of a ‘descriptive-analytic-correlation’ approach to investigate research components. Data collection was carried out through surveys and documentary methods. Population included all residents of Aslanduz city-village. Sampling was done based on Cochran Formula and was 384 considering maximum heterogeneity (p=q=0.5). Further, sampling was random. Instrument was World Health Organization questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF to investigate level of life quality. Moreover, to investigate residents’ level of feeling secure use was made of a 6-item questionnaire which investigated different aspects of security. Finally, to analyze the collected data, use was made of descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency distribution, Anova, Independent T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple Regression in SPSS. Discussion of Results & Conclusions To investigate respondents’ individualistic and social characteristics, descriptive analysis was used and results showed that majority of male respondents were married and highly educated. Also, to investigating overall satisfaction of life quality and social security, findings revealed that sub-component of economic security has had the lowest satisfaction. In addition, according to surveys regarding life quality, the most undesirable sub-components with the lowest satisfaction are recreational facilities, negative emotions, positive emotions, financial supports and sexual affairs, respectively while the most desirable sub-components included medical cure, physical shape of the body, physical pain, health conditions, and self-satisfaction, respectively. Pearson correlation was used to investigate the relationship between social security and satisfaction of life quality sub-components. Regarding the obtained results of the present study, it can be seen that there was significant relationship between mental health and social security. Moreover, significant relationship was seen between physical health and social security. Also, there was significant relationship between environmental health and social security and the same is true for social health and social security. Finally, according to results, significant relationships were seen between social security and life quality and health in different aspects. In addition, it can be concluded that only when social security is catered for the residents that changes be applied to dimensions and component of life quality. In this way, attempts need to be made to move toward development of dimensions of residents’ lives and. In this regard, the more the quality of life of residents, the more the positive effects on social security this requires long-term plans aiming at promotion indexes of quality of life. Keywords: Introduction Nowadays, a common goal in local, national and international arena is development of quality of life. Also, future of human’s life is dependent on better conceptualization of factors that influence human’s quality of life. Scholars and researchers have been constantly looking for influential factors of quality of life. In this sense, concept of ‘security’ has been one of the most important, complex and newest concepts in todays’ world and in many political, social and economic fields. Security is considered as a fundamental need and as a necessity of individuals and societies, without which dangerous and overwhelming consequences can emerge. Position of rural, urban and village-city residential areas in comparison with other residential areas, generally, and in comparison with Aslanduz village-city, particularly, can change residents’ expectations and attitudes of indexes of quality of life and social security. Therefore, in the present study firstly concept of quality of life, different definitions of it and components related to ‘feeling socially secure’ have been proposed. In the next section, the relationship between quality of life and components of social security was investigated in a case study through studying Aslanduz village-city as a marginalized residential complex. In what followed, the relationship and correlation of life quality and social security was compared based on main components of each. Material & Methods The present study is a practical study which makes use of a ‘descriptive-analytic-correlation’ approach to investigate research components. Data collection was carried out through surveys and documentary methods. Population included all residents of Aslanduz city-village. Sampling was done based on Cochran Formula and was 384 considering maximum heterogeneity (p=q=0.5). Further, sampling was random. Instrument was World Health Organization questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF to investigate level of life quality. Moreover, to investigate residents’ level of feeling secure use was made of a 6-item questionnaire which investigated different aspects of security. Finally, to analyze the collected data, use was made of descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency distribution, Anova, Independent T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple Regression in SPSS. Discussion of Results & Conclusions To investigate respondents’ individualistic and social characteristics, descriptive analysis was used and results showed that majority of male respondents were married and highly educated. Also, to investigating overall satisfaction of life quality and social security, findings revealed that sub-component of economic security has had the lowest satisfaction. In addition, according to surveys regarding life quality, the most undesirable sub-components with the lowest satisfaction are recreational facilities, negative emotions, positive emotions, financial supports and sexual affairs, respectively while the most desirable sub-components included medical cure, physical shape of the body, physical pain, health conditions, and self-satisfaction, respectively. Pearson correlation was used to investigate the relationship between social security and satisfaction of life quality sub-components. Regarding the obtained results of the present study, it can be seen that there was significant relationship between mental health and social security. Moreover, significant relationship was seen between physical health and social security. Also, there was significant relationship between environmental health and social security and the same is true for social health and social security. Finally, according to results, significant relationships were seen between social security and life quality and health in different aspects. In addition, it can be concluded that only when social security is catered for the residents that changes be applied to dimensions and component of life quality. In this way, attempts need to be made to move toward development of dimensions of residents’ lives and. In this regard, the more the quality of life of residents, the more the positive effects on social security this requires long-term plans aiming at promotion indexes of quality of life. Introduction Nowadays, a common goal in local, national and international arena is development of quality of life. Also, future of human’s life is dependent on better conceptualization of factors that influence human’s quality of life. Scholars and researchers have been constantly looking for influential factors of quality of life. In this sense, concept of ‘security’ has been one of the most important, complex and newest concepts in todays’ world and in many political, social and economic fields. Security is considered as a fundamental need and as a necessity of individuals and societies, without which dangerous and overwhelming consequences can emerge. Position of rural, urban and village-city residential areas in comparison with other residential areas, generally, and in comparison with Aslanduz village-city, particularly, can change residents’ expectations and attitudes of indexes of quality of life and social security. Therefore, in the present study firstly concept of quality of life, different definitions of it and components related to ‘feeling socially secure’ have been proposed. In the next section, the relationship between quality of life and components of social security was investigated in a case study through studying Aslanduz village-city as a marginalized residential complex. In what followed, the relationship and correlation of life quality and social security was compared based on main components of each. Material & Methods The present study is a practical study which makes use of a ‘descriptive-analytic-correlation’ approach to investigate research components. Data collection was carried out through surveys and documentary methods. Population included all residents of Aslanduz city-village. Sampling was done based on Cochran Formula and was 384 considering maximum heterogeneity (p=q=0.5). Further, sampling was random. Instrument was World Health Organization questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF to investigate level of life quality. Moreover, to investigate residents’ level of feeling secure use was made of a 6-item questionnaire which investigated different aspects of security. Finally, to analyze the collected data, use was made of descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency distribution, Anova, Independent T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple Regression in SPSS. Discussion of Results & Conclusions To investigate respondents’ individualistic and social characteristics, descriptive analysis was used and results showed that majority of male respondents were married and highly educated. Also, to investigating overall satisfaction of life quality and social security, findings revealed that sub-component of economic security has had the lowest satisfaction. In addition, according to surveys regarding life quality, the most undesirable sub-components with the lowest satisfaction are recreational facilities, negative emotions, positive emotions, financial supports and sexual affairs, respectively while the most desirable sub-components included medical cure, physical shape of the body, physical pain, health conditions, and self-satisfaction, respectively. Pearson correlation was used to investigate the relationship between social security and satisfaction of life quality sub-components. Regarding the obtained results of the present study, it can be seen that there was significant relationship between mental health and social security. Moreover, significant relationship was seen between physical health and social security. Also, there was significant relationship between environmental health and social security and the same is true for social health and social security. Finally, according to results, significant relationships were seen between social security and life quality and health in different aspects. In addition, it can be concluded that only when social security is catered for the residents that changes be applied to dimensions and component of life quality. In this way, attempts need to be made to move toward development of dimensions of residents’ lives and. In this regard, the more the quality of life of residents, the more the positive effects on social security this requires long-term plans aiming at promotion indexes of quality of life. Keywords: Introduction Nowadays, a common goal in local, national and international arena is development of quality of life. Also, future of human’s life is dependent on better conceptualization of factors that influence human’s quality of life. Scholars and researchers have been constantly looking for influential factors of quality of life. In this sense, concept of ‘security’ has been one of the most important, complex and newest concepts in todays’ world and in many political, social and economic fields. Security is considered as a fundamental need and as a necessity of individuals and societies, without which dangerous and overwhelming consequences can emerge. Position of rural, urban and village-city residential areas in comparison with other residential areas, generally, and in comparison with Aslanduz village-city, particularly, can change residents’ expectations and attitudes of indexes of quality of life and social security. Therefore, in the present study firstly concept of quality of life, different definitions of it and components related to ‘feeling socially secure’ have been proposed. In the next section, the relationship between quality of life and components of social security was investigated in a case study through studying Aslanduz village-city as a marginalized residential complex. In what followed, the relationship and correlation of life quality and social security was compared based on main components of each. Material & Methods The present study is a practical study which makes use of a ‘descriptive-analytic-correlation’ approach to investigate research components. Data collection was carried out through surveys and documentary methods. Population included all residents of Aslanduz city-village. Sampling was done based on Cochran Formula and was 384 considering maximum heterogeneity (p=q=0.5). Further, sampling was random. Instrument was World Health Organization questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF to investigate level of life quality. Moreover, to investigate residents’ level of feeling secure use was made of a 6-item questionnaire which investigated different aspects of security. Finally, to analyze the collected data, use was made of descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency distribution, Anova, Independent T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple Regression in SPSS. Discussion of Results & Conclusions To investigate respondents’ individualistic and social characteristics, descriptive analysis was used and results showed that majority of male respondents were married and highly educated. Also, to investigating overall satisfaction of life quality and social security, findings revealed that sub-component of economic security has had the lowest satisfaction. In addition, according to surveys regarding life quality, the most undesirable sub-components with the lowest satisfaction are recreational facilities, negative emotions, positive emotions, financial supports and sexual affairs, respectively while the most desirable sub-components included medical cure, physical shape of the body, physical pain, health conditions, and self-satisfaction, respectively. Pearson correlation was used to investigate the relationship between social security and satisfaction of life quality sub-components. Regarding the obtained results of the present study, it can be seen that there was significant relationship between mental health and social security. Moreover, significant relationship was seen between physical health and social security. Also, there was significant relationship between environmental health and social security and the same is true for social health and social security. Finally, according to results, significant relationships were seen between social security and life quality and health in different aspects. In addition, it can be concluded that only when social security is catered for the residents that changes be applied to dimensions and component of life quality. In this way, attempts need to be made to move toward development of dimensions of residents’ lives and. In this regard, the more the quality of life of residents, the more the positive effects on social security this requires long-term plans aiming at promotion indexes of quality of life.

https://ssoss.ui.ac.ir/article_20959_50d0b46bf7a1f5137e7fc541a67a2969.pdf

University of Isfahan Strategic Research on Social Problems 3041-8623 5 3 2016 10 22 The Survey of Family’s Role in Delinquency of Teenagers (Case Study: Zanjan City’s Teenagers) The Survey of Family’s Role in Delinquency of Teenagers (Case Study: Zanjan City’s Teenagers) 35 50 20960 10.22108/ssoss.2016.20960 FA Davood Fatemi Ph.D. student of cultural policy at Kharazmi University, Iran Aref Rahimi Master of Science (MSc) in Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran Mousa Saadati Ph.D. Student, Social Sciences Sociology, Kashan University, Iran Mohammad Abbaszadeh Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Tabriz University, Iran Journal Article 2016 11 26 Introduction Human society and social relations on the basis of social order, and by managing the social norms. Social norms, patterns and ways of behavior and interaction among the people who follow the rules determining the cause of balance and order in the community. A norm determines that a person should or should not behave in various situations. In the meantime, one of the social problems arising from nonconformity, is deviant behavior, such as poverty, ignorance and disease in human societies has always had a significant presence and a wide range of different types of covers that juvenile delinquency is the most important. Crime commitment and delinquency are among the most important human phenomena that there are various causes and factors with different quotas for it. Material & Methods The present research aims at examining the role of family in delinquency of teenagers in Zanjan city with survey method. Statistical population of research includes all of the high school students of Zanjan city that from these 360 students are selected by Cochran formula and through multiple clusters sampling to be examined. The resulted data is analyzed through using SPSS. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The results of the research indicate significant mean difference of teenager’s delinquency based on parents’ employment and educational status and their families’ income. Also, the results of the research approved the relationship between variables of parental supervision and attachment to family with teenager’s delinquency as the dependent variable. The results of regression analyze showed that parental supervision and attachment to the family, had the most impact on the teenager’s delinquency. According to research results parental supervision is having the strongest correlation with juvenile delinquency. This result is consistent with theories of Durkheim, Parsons, Shaw and McKay, Hirschi, Sutherland and Nye on the role of families and parents in their children's delinquency. Finally, in line with research findings Bagheri et al. (2009), as evaluate the factors of crime as well as research Parcel et al (1993) in the field of children's behavioral problems and is in support of the views of Durkheim and Parsons. And also result in the reduction of juvenile delinquency research because of attachment to family is OK Comments Sutherland and Hirschi. In line with the results, the following suggestions to reduce and prevent juvenile delinquency and social damage, which could provide the groundwork for other damage, provided: Since parental controls most of the explaining of juvenile offenders The study accounted for and also due to a significant correlation between them, it is suggested that parents control and monitor their adolescent behavior, socialize and friends very seriously. Given the significant relationship to family attachment and juvenile delinquency, as well as the contribution of these variables to explain juvenile delinquency, offer a friendly climate for parents to provide their families with the formation of emotional communication within the family attachment to parents and children together to increase. Due to variables such as employment and education verification parents of juvenile offenders in this study, it is proposed redefinition of social and economic value of social and economic base of society through relevant agencies and mass media to obtain. Introduction Human society and social relations on the basis of social order, and by managing the social norms. Social norms, patterns and ways of behavior and interaction among the people who follow the rules determining the cause of balance and order in the community. A norm determines that a person should or should not behave in various situations. In the meantime, one of the social problems arising from nonconformity, is deviant behavior, such as poverty, ignorance and disease in human societies has always had a significant presence and a wide range of different types of covers that juvenile delinquency is the most important. Crime commitment and delinquency are among the most important human phenomena that there are various causes and factors with different quotas for it. Material & Methods The present research aims at examining the role of family in delinquency of teenagers in Zanjan city with survey method. Statistical population of research includes all of the high school students of Zanjan city that from these 360 students are selected by Cochran formula and through multiple clusters sampling to be examined. The resulted data is analyzed through using SPSS. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The results of the research indicate significant mean difference of teenager’s delinquency based on parents’ employment and educational status and their families’ income. Also, the results of the research approved the relationship between variables of parental supervision and attachment to family with teenager’s delinquency as the dependent variable. The results of regression analyze showed that parental supervision and attachment to the family, had the most impact on the teenager’s delinquency. According to research results parental supervision is having the strongest correlation with juvenile delinquency. This result is consistent with theories of Durkheim, Parsons, Shaw and McKay, Hirschi, Sutherland and Nye on the role of families and parents in their children's delinquency. Finally, in line with research findings Bagheri et al. (2009), as evaluate the factors of crime as well as research Parcel et al (1993) in the field of children's behavioral problems and is in support of the views of Durkheim and Parsons. And also result in the reduction of juvenile delinquency research because of attachment to family is OK Comments Sutherland and Hirschi. In line with the results, the following suggestions to reduce and prevent juvenile delinquency and social damage, which could provide the groundwork for other damage, provided: Since parental controls most of the explaining of juvenile offenders The study accounted for and also due to a significant correlation between them, it is suggested that parents control and monitor their adolescent behavior, socialize and friends very seriously. Given the significant relationship to family attachment and juvenile delinquency, as well as the contribution of these variables to explain juvenile delinquency, offer a friendly climate for parents to provide their families with the formation of emotional communication within the family attachment to parents and children together to increase. Due to variables such as employment and education verification parents of juvenile offenders in this study, it is proposed redefinition of social and economic value of social and economic base of society through relevant agencies and mass media to obtain.

https://ssoss.ui.ac.ir/article_20960_0d214b30ae79059b97b165f0da06e6e3.pdf

University of Isfahan Strategic Research on Social Problems 3041-8623 5 3 2016 10 22 An analysis of perceived Social distance Effect on Behavioral Intention of Inbound Tourists to Kish Island, Considering Perceived Risk and Satisfaction An analysis of perceived Social distance Effect on Behavioral Intention of Inbound Tourists to Kish Island, Considering Perceived Risk and Satisfaction 51 66 20961 10.22108/ssoss.2016.20961 FA Maedeh Sadat Mostsfsvi Graduate Student of Business Administration, Azad University of Mobarakeh Esfahan Bahram Ranjbariyan Professor, Department of Management, Isfahan University, Iran Hasan Ghorbani Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh Branch, Department of Management, Mobarakeh, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2016 11 26 Introduction: Tourism industry is considered as one of the biggest and most diverse service-providing industries in the world. Given the economic importance of the tourism industry, identification of barriers to attract tourists and to gain market share become worthy of notice. Here, then, the social distance perceived by tourists to with local residents as a barrier to attract tourists is considered as the subject of this article to be investigated. . Due to the existence of cultural differences, tourists’ perceptions or attitudes toward different social matters are different from those of natives, and this may lead to social distance. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to analyze the effects of perceived social distance on behavioral intentions of international tourists who had visited Kish Island, at the southern part of Iran- with a focus on the perceived risk and tourists’ satisfaction. Social distance explains the cooperative behaviour and sympathetic understanding that exists between people (Sinkovics & Penz, 2009).Social distance is defined in terms of the affective distance between group members. ‘‘Where there is little sympathetic understanding, social farness exists. Where sympathetic understanding is great, nearness exists’’(Matear,2014).Thus, positive views of residents regarding tourists and well-functioning relationships between tourists and residents, together with low levels of social distance are key ingredients to sustaining continuous visits, promote return visitation and stimulate demand for tourist destination(Sinkovics & Penz, 2009). Since the perceived social distance affects tourists’ satisfaction from their visit, reducing this perceived distance can help to develop tourism industry. Also, it needs to be mentioned that the concept of “social distance” in tourism has been less noticed, especially on Iran, and this paper seeks to fill this research gap. So, this paper seeks for an answer to whether the social distance perceived by foreign tourists in the Kish Island has affected their satisfaction from their trip as well as their behavioral intentions for repeating their trip to this region. Keywords: Social Distance, Satisfaction, Perceived Risk, Behavioral Intentions, Kish Island Material & Methods: In the present study, a group of international tourists who had a trip to the Kish Island were chosen as the statistical population. Stratified Random Sampling was used for tourists’ selection of three famous neighborhoods named Daamoun-e Saaheli, Sadaf and Seffeyn. Considering Cochran's formula, 296 questionnaire forms for evaluating respondents’ responses were used. The statistical data were analyzed properly after measuring the variables.The data were collected using a self-adminstered questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated using content and face validity, and its reliability was measured to be 84% by using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. . The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software through statistical tests performed in two levels of “descriptive” (frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation) and “inferential” (structural equation modeling, t-test associated with level of significance, comparative t-tests and variance analysis). Discussion of Results & Conclusions: The results proved that reducing the perceived social distance will be led to increased satisfaction of tourists. The effect of the social distance on the amount of the perceived risk was also investigated in this study. The results showed that by increasing the social distance led to increased amount of tourists’ perceived risk. The reason lies behind the increased mistrust due to low intimacy feeling between tourists and native residents. The effect of satisfaction level on behavioral intentions was also evaluated. The results showed that tourists’ intentions for repeating their trip to the region increased as their satisfaction level increased. The effect of perceived risk on behavioral intentions was also studied. The results proved tourists’ intentions for repeating their trip to the region decreased as their perceived risk level increased. In addition, the effect of social distance on behavioral intentions was independently investigated in the present research. The results proved no effect of social distance on behavioral intentions- that is, social distance, by itself, could not affect tourists’ behavioral intentions or willing to come back to the destination, without taking perceived risk and satisfaction level into consideration. The rejection of this hypothesis in the present study and in the statistical population of the Kish Island is due to the fact that cultural differences and lock of social relations between native residents and tourists are not the only factors that had influenced tourists’ decision about repeating their trip to the region- if not saying that this social difference some time could even attract more tourism. The effect of perceived risk on tourists’ satisfaction level was studied in this research. The results showed that the lower level of perceived risk would increase tourists’ satisfaction level. Introduction: Tourism industry is considered as one of the biggest and most diverse service-providing industries in the world. Given the economic importance of the tourism industry, identification of barriers to attract tourists and to gain market share become worthy of notice. Here, then, the social distance perceived by tourists to with local residents as a barrier to attract tourists is considered as the subject of this article to be investigated. . Due to the existence of cultural differences, tourists’ perceptions or attitudes toward different social matters are different from those of natives, and this may lead to social distance. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to analyze the effects of perceived social distance on behavioral intentions of international tourists who had visited Kish Island, at the southern part of Iran- with a focus on the perceived risk and tourists’ satisfaction. Social distance explains the cooperative behaviour and sympathetic understanding that exists between people (Sinkovics & Penz, 2009).Social distance is defined in terms of the affective distance between group members. ‘‘Where there is little sympathetic understanding, social farness exists. Where sympathetic understanding is great, nearness exists’’(Matear,2014).Thus, positive views of residents regarding tourists and well-functioning relationships between tourists and residents, together with low levels of social distance are key ingredients to sustaining continuous visits, promote return visitation and stimulate demand for tourist destination(Sinkovics & Penz, 2009). Since the perceived social distance affects tourists’ satisfaction from their visit, reducing this perceived distance can help to develop tourism industry. Also, it needs to be mentioned that the concept of “social distance” in tourism has been less noticed, especially on Iran, and this paper seeks to fill this research gap. So, this paper seeks for an answer to whether the social distance perceived by foreign tourists in the Kish Island has affected their satisfaction from their trip as well as their behavioral intentions for repeating their trip to this region. Keywords: Social Distance, Satisfaction, Perceived Risk, Behavioral Intentions, Kish Island Material & Methods: In the present study, a group of international tourists who had a trip to the Kish Island were chosen as the statistical population. Stratified Random Sampling was used for tourists’ selection of three famous neighborhoods named Daamoun-e Saaheli, Sadaf and Seffeyn. Considering Cochran's formula, 296 questionnaire forms for evaluating respondents’ responses were used. The statistical data were analyzed properly after measuring the variables.The data were collected using a self-adminstered questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated using content and face validity, and its reliability was measured to be 84% by using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient. . The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software through statistical tests performed in two levels of “descriptive” (frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation) and “inferential” (structural equation modeling, t-test associated with level of significance, comparative t-tests and variance analysis). Discussion of Results & Conclusions: The results proved that reducing the perceived social distance will be led to increased satisfaction of tourists. The effect of the social distance on the amount of the perceived risk was also investigated in this study. The results showed that by increasing the social distance led to increased amount of tourists’ perceived risk. The reason lies behind the increased mistrust due to low intimacy feeling between tourists and native residents. The effect of satisfaction level on behavioral intentions was also evaluated. The results showed that tourists’ intentions for repeating their trip to the region increased as their satisfaction level increased. The effect of perceived risk on behavioral intentions was also studied. The results proved tourists’ intentions for repeating their trip to the region decreased as their perceived risk level increased. In addition, the effect of social distance on behavioral intentions was independently investigated in the present research. The results proved no effect of social distance on behavioral intentions- that is, social distance, by itself, could not affect tourists’ behavioral intentions or willing to come back to the destination, without taking perceived risk and satisfaction level into consideration. The rejection of this hypothesis in the present study and in the statistical population of the Kish Island is due to the fact that cultural differences and lock of social relations between native residents and tourists are not the only factors that had influenced tourists’ decision about repeating their trip to the region- if not saying that this social difference some time could even attract more tourism. The effect of perceived risk on tourists’ satisfaction level was studied in this research. The results showed that the lower level of perceived risk would increase tourists’ satisfaction level.

https://ssoss.ui.ac.ir/article_20961_cdc0fd1f9f1234a8ae1f4f006124a5c9.pdf

University of Isfahan Strategic Research on Social Problems 3041-8623 5 3 2016 10 22 Understanding the experience essence of serving soldiers with higher education, phenomenological research Understanding the experience essence of serving soldiers with higher education, phenomenological research 67 86 20962 10.22108/ssoss.2016.20962 FA Seyed Mohammadreza Seyedi Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Hossein Seyedi Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran Siavash Salavatian Tehran University of Science and Technology Journal Article 2016 11 26 Introduction According to the public military service law of I.R.I., military service is a legal obligation to all Iranian male citizens. While military service is an important transitional event which affects various dimensions of soldiers’ life, little research has been done about the lived experience of soldiers and their perceptions of it. The purpose of this paper is a deep and precise study to better understanding of lived experience of graduate (M.A. and Ph.D.) soldiers about the military service. Material & Methods Former research about military service is often in two specific areas: study of soldiers’ a. physical and b. psychological issues and their consequences including reasons of suicide, smoking, drugs and alcohol use among them. What is evident from the literature review, no research has been done about understanding of soldiers’ mentalities. Since recognition of human senses, feelings, attitudes and values is relatively impossible by quantitative research methods that tend to objectivism and reductionism, qualitative research methods are used in these cases. The paper, achieving its goal, has applied phenomenological research approach. Phenomenology helps researcher understand phenomena as it experienced. To this goal, eight ex-soldier people with M.A. degrees and four ex-soldier people with Ph.D. degrees were interviewed and collected data was analyzed with Van-Mannen thematic analytical approach. Purposive sampling was used to select people who have the proper conditions to provide the desired information. Validity and reliability of study confirmed by credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability methods. Discussion of Results & Conclusions In this study, soldiers’ experiences of military service have presented in four groups: a. comprehensive, b. pre-service, c. service and d. post-service experiences and consists of eleven major themes and sixteen sub-themes. A. Comprehensive Experiences Comprehensive experiences are general and covering. These themes are major and affect not only the service, but also pre-service and post-service periods. 1. According to the traditional approach to power and authority, military forces facts make authority and the mere presence of soldiers -even in its weak state- is authority-making. 2. Military forces as government mirror: Military dependence to regime makes it a double-edged sword that its appropriate action strengthens the foundations of the regime and its wrong action threats it. 3. Contrast with planning and foresight refers to obstacles that compulsory puts on soldiers life career. B. Pre-service Experiences Although compulsory apparently starts at a specific time but has some effects on lives of soldiers even before started. 1. The long wait and the loss of opportunities: long wait to compulsory makes lots of social opportunities disappear which need the compulsory license. 2. Law changes and planning refers to opposition of law changes and life planning. C. Service Experiences This branch is dedicated to in-service experiences. 1. Macro-planning weakness refers to loss of a comprehensive and holistic plan in military forces to interact soldiers. This loss advantages in soldiers time wasting, weakness in the audience analysis, weakness of teachers, inadequacy of lessons, wasting soldiers’ expertise, weakness in performance feedback and health and nutrition problems. 2. Compulsory is an appropriate context to behavioral abnormalities including negative cycle of self-fulfilling prophecy and conflict. 3. Weakness in observe soldiers’ status includes weakness in respecting to them, soldiers as free human resources who identify military forces and soldiers as a discredited people. 4. Social problems refers to economic, employment and career advancement, scientific, marriage and family preservation problems which compulsory brings to graduate soldiers’ lives. 5. Soft War: New forms of war in new days make it necessary for military forces to attend soft war in soldiers training. D. Post-service Experience Freedom and redemption: Almost all of soldiers at the end of compulsory feel Freedom and redemption from a commitment that had unavoidable effects on their lives. Introduction According to the public military service law of I.R.I., military service is a legal obligation to all Iranian male citizens. While military service is an important transitional event which affects various dimensions of soldiers’ life, little research has been done about the lived experience of soldiers and their perceptions of it. The purpose of this paper is a deep and precise study to better understanding of lived experience of graduate (M.A. and Ph.D.) soldiers about the military service. Material & Methods Former research about military service is often in two specific areas: study of soldiers’ a. physical and b. psychological issues and their consequences including reasons of suicide, smoking, drugs and alcohol use among them. What is evident from the literature review, no research has been done about understanding of soldiers’ mentalities. Since recognition of human senses, feelings, attitudes and values is relatively impossible by quantitative research methods that tend to objectivism and reductionism, qualitative research methods are used in these cases. The paper, achieving its goal, has applied phenomenological research approach. Phenomenology helps researcher understand phenomena as it experienced. To this goal, eight ex-soldier people with M.A. degrees and four ex-soldier people with Ph.D. degrees were interviewed and collected data was analyzed with Van-Mannen thematic analytical approach. Purposive sampling was used to select people who have the proper conditions to provide the desired information. Validity and reliability of study confirmed by credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability methods. Discussion of Results & Conclusions In this study, soldiers’ experiences of military service have presented in four groups: a. comprehensive, b. pre-service, c. service and d. post-service experiences and consists of eleven major themes and sixteen sub-themes. A. Comprehensive Experiences Comprehensive experiences are general and covering. These themes are major and affect not only the service, but also pre-service and post-service periods. 1. According to the traditional approach to power and authority, military forces facts make authority and the mere presence of soldiers -even in its weak state- is authority-making. 2. Military forces as government mirror: Military dependence to regime makes it a double-edged sword that its appropriate action strengthens the foundations of the regime and its wrong action threats it. 3. Contrast with planning and foresight refers to obstacles that compulsory puts on soldiers life career. B. Pre-service Experiences Although compulsory apparently starts at a specific time but has some effects on lives of soldiers even before started. 1. The long wait and the loss of opportunities: long wait to compulsory makes lots of social opportunities disappear which need the compulsory license. 2. Law changes and planning refers to opposition of law changes and life planning. C. Service Experiences This branch is dedicated to in-service experiences. 1. Macro-planning weakness refers to loss of a comprehensive and holistic plan in military forces to interact soldiers. This loss advantages in soldiers time wasting, weakness in the audience analysis, weakness of teachers, inadequacy of lessons, wasting soldiers’ expertise, weakness in performance feedback and health and nutrition problems. 2. Compulsory is an appropriate context to behavioral abnormalities including negative cycle of self-fulfilling prophecy and conflict. 3. Weakness in observe soldiers’ status includes weakness in respecting to them, soldiers as free human resources who identify military forces and soldiers as a discredited people. 4. Social problems refers to economic, employment and career advancement, scientific, marriage and family preservation problems which compulsory brings to graduate soldiers’ lives. 5. Soft War: New forms of war in new days make it necessary for military forces to attend soft war in soldiers training. D. Post-service Experience Freedom and redemption: Almost all of soldiers at the end of compulsory feel Freedom and redemption from a commitment that had unavoidable effects on their lives.

https://ssoss.ui.ac.ir/article_20962_678762182f96aa0fe85bf742605dc09d.pdf

University of Isfahan Strategic Research on Social Problems 3041-8623 5 3 2016 10 22 Spatial Analysis of the Sense of Security in the Different Quarters of the City of Qods Spatial Analysis of the Sense of Security in the Different Quarters of the City of Qods 87 104 20963 10.22108/ssoss.2016.20963 FA Leila Soltani Amin Institute for Higher Education Hassan Beykmohammadi Isfahan university Somaye Heydari Amin Institute for Higher Education Journal Article 2016 11 26 Introduction Security is one of the most important requirements for citizens in cities. So, it is necessary to ensure security in the cities. Spaces and crime related to each other. Some spaces of cities produced crime that urban planners have to pay attention them. Beside security “sense of security” has importance. This is an emotional reaction to social violent crime and physical injuries or a range of emotional and practical reactions to crime and irregularity. Today, urban adverse environments create many problems for citizens. It increases social harms. With increase these harms has reduced insecurity. In these circumstances crimes increase. So people become more cautious in social relations. They fear with every event and feel insecurity. Differentiations of places infused sense of security or fear to citizens. So, spatial differences in cities influences in differences of sense of insecurity. Security has much more important in the metropolis of Tehran. In this area the Centralized system of government Caused centralized of populations that underlie social deviations and abnormalities. So, Tehran and the cities in its area have the highest level of crime in the cities of Iran. The cities that have grown in the metropolitan areas of Tehran in the last few decades have a lot of social problems. The Qods city is one of them that received many immigrants so it is involved many social problems like insecurity. In this social environment the sense of insecurity has grown. Since the analyzing the root causes of sense of insecurity in different places of city affect in improve the performance of urban officials and it increase citizens' sense of place, this research is sought to analysis the sense of security in the different quarters of the city of Qods and it offers the solutions to improve the present situation. This study will answer this question that does the sense of security of citizens in urban quarters were different? And whether the diversity of land uses in the urban areas affect in the citizen’s sense of security? Material & Methods This is an applied research according to the purpose and is a descriptive-analytical according to the nature and method. Data have gathered with documentary and survey methods. The statistical society is the citizens over 18 years in the city of Qods. The sample size is estimated 375 people with the Cochran formula. Samples are selected by cluster sampling method randomly. Preliminary data had gathered in March 2014 in the city of Gods. The questionnaire has been drawn up with Likert questions. This reality was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha. The research data analyses with use of the correlation coefficient regression and T-test in the SPSS and the urban quarters were ranked based on using multi- criteria decision-making of Topsis and the Cluster Analysis. This research has physical (The nocturnal land uses, acquaintance of urban space, the quality of urban roads, the readability, natural and artificial care), social-economic (busyness, rising land prices, the rise in prices of housing units, rent increase, relationships and social interactions, police performance, accumulation of offenders) and environmental (air pollution, acoustic pollution, accumulation of rubbish) index. Discussion of Results & Conclusions In general, Most of residents of the city are not satisfied of security. This study showed that the characteristics of urban places like the social conditions, the formation of spaces and the application of urban spaces affect the amount of security in the city of Gods. Also, the current study revealed that whatever the rate of commuter is higher in the urban spaces, the citizens feel more secure. In some street like Taleghani and Azadi avenues the commuter is low, which suggests the lack of attraction is their business activities with the needs and demands of the citizens. The contrary, a relatively high amount of commuter on the streets of Emamzadeh and Sajjad that can be due to the land uses of such training centers are consistent with the demand of citizens. In the workshop area and the subsidiary passages commuting of citizens especially women is very low. Therefore, the results obtained that the routes of city is essential in maintaining the sense security for citizens. Route resolution of day and night, removing physical barriers and annoying land users along the sidewalks and proper design of flooring has caused the pedestrian to feel safer use of the spaces. In the social and economic indicator central quarter of the city ranked first and the last rank achieved Sorkhehesar. The formation of new quarters, "Cuye-Farhangian" and "Simetri-shora" with a relatively strong socio-economic structure in the city's central quarters has been effective in increasing its rank. But semi-rural structure in the quarter of Sorkhehesar has a significant effect in reducing its rank. In general, central quarter is new with proper distribution of land use, high density construction and favorable socio-economic and environmental indicators is the greatest quarter of the city. Most immigrants live in the southwest of the city with chaotic structure and the most disadvantaged quarter in terms of indices sense of security. Introduction Security is one of the most important requirements for citizens in cities. So, it is necessary to ensure security in the cities. Spaces and crime related to each other. Some spaces of cities produced crime that urban planners have to pay attention them. Beside security “sense of security” has importance. This is an emotional reaction to social violent crime and physical injuries or a range of emotional and practical reactions to crime and irregularity. Today, urban adverse environments create many problems for citizens. It increases social harms. With increase these harms has reduced insecurity. In these circumstances crimes increase. So people become more cautious in social relations. They fear with every event and feel insecurity. Differentiations of places infused sense of security or fear to citizens. So, spatial differences in cities influences in differences of sense of insecurity. Security has much more important in the metropolis of Tehran. In this area the Centralized system of government Caused centralized of populations that underlie social deviations and abnormalities. So, Tehran and the cities in its area have the highest level of crime in the cities of Iran. The cities that have grown in the metropolitan areas of Tehran in the last few decades have a lot of social problems. The Qods city is one of them that received many immigrants so it is involved many social problems like insecurity. In this social environment the sense of insecurity has grown. Since the analyzing the root causes of sense of insecurity in different places of city affect in improve the performance of urban officials and it increase citizens' sense of place, this research is sought to analysis the sense of security in the different quarters of the city of Qods and it offers the solutions to improve the present situation. This study will answer this question that does the sense of security of citizens in urban quarters were different? And whether the diversity of land uses in the urban areas affect in the citizen’s sense of security? Material & Methods This is an applied research according to the purpose and is a descriptive-analytical according to the nature and method. Data have gathered with documentary and survey methods. The statistical society is the citizens over 18 years in the city of Qods. The sample size is estimated 375 people with the Cochran formula. Samples are selected by cluster sampling method randomly. Preliminary data had gathered in March 2014 in the city of Gods. The questionnaire has been drawn up with Likert questions. This reality was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha. The research data analyses with use of the correlation coefficient regression and T-test in the SPSS and the urban quarters were ranked based on using multi- criteria decision-making of Topsis and the Cluster Analysis. This research has physical (The nocturnal land uses, acquaintance of urban space, the quality of urban roads, the readability, natural and artificial care), social-economic (busyness, rising land prices, the rise in prices of housing units, rent increase, relationships and social interactions, police performance, accumulation of offenders) and environmental (air pollution, acoustic pollution, accumulation of rubbish) index. Discussion of Results & Conclusions In general, Most of residents of the city are not satisfied of security. This study showed that the characteristics of urban places like the social conditions, the formation of spaces and the application of urban spaces affect the amount of security in the city of Gods. Also, the current study revealed that whatever the rate of commuter is higher in the urban spaces, the citizens feel more secure. In some street like Taleghani and Azadi avenues the commuter is low, which suggests the lack of attraction is their business activities with the needs and demands of the citizens. The contrary, a relatively high amount of commuter on the streets of Emamzadeh and Sajjad that can be due to the land uses of such training centers are consistent with the demand of citizens. In the workshop area and the subsidiary passages commuting of citizens especially women is very low. Therefore, the results obtained that the routes of city is essential in maintaining the sense security for citizens. Route resolution of day and night, removing physical barriers and annoying land users along the sidewalks and proper design of flooring has caused the pedestrian to feel safer use of the spaces. In the social and economic indicator central quarter of the city ranked first and the last rank achieved Sorkhehesar. The formation of new quarters, "Cuye-Farhangian" and "Simetri-shora" with a relatively strong socio-economic structure in the city's central quarters has been effective in increasing its rank. But semi-rural structure in the quarter of Sorkhehesar has a significant effect in reducing its rank. In general, central quarter is new with proper distribution of land use, high density construction and favorable socio-economic and environmental indicators is the greatest quarter of the city. Most immigrants live in the southwest of the city with chaotic structure and the most disadvantaged quarter in terms of indices sense of security.

https://ssoss.ui.ac.ir/article_20963_4d6dcd6ae2dd7fd8ff3f37dc902f3b2c.pdf